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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2226-5988</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2686-6749</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and Experimental Morphology</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ООО "Группа МДВ"</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31088/cem2023.12.3.82-92</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологическая характеристика внутренних органов мышей при длительном потреблении микропластика</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Morphological features of the internal organs in mice after prolonged microplastics consumption</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Золотова</surname>
            <given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Золотова</surname>
              <given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zolotova</surname>
              <given-names>Natalya A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>natashazltv@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0119-9889</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Джалилова</surname>
            <given-names>Джулия Шавкатовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Джалилова</surname>
              <given-names>Джулия Шавкатовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Dzhalilova</surname>
              <given-names>Dzhuliya Sh.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1337-7160</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Цветков</surname>
            <given-names>Иван Сергеевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Цветков</surname>
              <given-names>Иван Сергеевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Tsvetkov</surname>
              <given-names>Ivan S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0946-1105</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Сентябрева</surname>
            <given-names>Александра Владиславовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Сентябрева</surname>
              <given-names>Александра Владиславовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Sentyabreva</surname>
              <given-names>Alexandra V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5064-219x</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Макарова</surname>
            <given-names>Ольга Васильевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Макарова</surname>
              <given-names>Ольга Васильевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Makarova</surname>
              <given-names>Olga V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8581-107X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского» (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery” (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-25">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>12</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>82</fpage>
      <lpage>92</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-30">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-10">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2022-12-22">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Введение. Микропластик, загрязняющий окружающую среду, может представлять опасность для здоровья живых организмов, в том числе человека. Экспериментальные исследования на мышах и крысах показали, что микропластик способен проникать во внутреннюю среду организма, вызывать структурные повреждения и нарушения функции различных органов. Тем не менее данные, посвященные этой проблеме, фрагментарны и противоречивы. Цель работы – охарактеризовать морфологические изменения внутренних органов мышей при длительном потреблении разных доз микропластика. Материалы и методы. Мышам трех опытных групп (пять мышей в каждой группе) в течение 4 недель питьевую воду заменяли на суспензию частиц полистирола диаметром 5 мкм в дистиллированной воде с концентрацией 0,1, 1 и 10 мг/л. Средние дозы потребления составили 0,023, 0,23 и 2,3 мг микрочастиц на килограмм массы тела животного в сутки, соответственно. Животные контрольной группы на протяжении всего эксперимента получали дистиллированную воду. Проводили морфологическое исследование толстой кишки, селезенки, печени, почек, легких, тимуса, брыжеечных лимфатических узлов, головного мозга, сердца, семенников и мышцы бедра. В ободочной кишке морфометрическими методами были оценены воспалительная инфильтрация, число эндокринных и бокаловидных клеток и содержание в последних нейтральных и высокосульфатированных муцинов. Результаты. Патологических изменений в печени, почках, легких, тимусе, брыжеечных лимфатических узлах, головном мозге, сердце, семенниках и мышце бедра мышей при воздействии разных доз частиц полистирола диаметром 5 мкм не выявлено. При низкой дозе микропластика (0,023 мг/кг/сут) обнаружено снижение объемной доли бокаловидных клеток в слизистой оболочке ободочной кишки. При высокой концентрации микропластика (2,3 мг/кг/сут) наблюдались активация морфофункциональных зон селезенки, а также повышение содержания эндокринных клеток и снижение доли высокосульфатированных муцинов в бокаловидных клетках. Заключение. Микрочастицы полистирола диаметром 5 мкм в дозах 0,023–2,3 мг/кг/сут при воздействии в течение 4 недель вызывают адаптивные морфофункциональные изменения в толстой кишке и селезенке.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Introduction.Microplastics (MP) pollute the environment and can pose a danger to living organisms including humans. Experimental studies on mice and rats demonstrated that microplastics can enter the internal environment, causing structural damage to and dysfunction of various organs. However, data on this issue are scarce and contradictory. The aim of this paper was to characterize morphological changes in the internal organs in mice after prolonged MP consumption in different doses. Materials and methods. We formed four groups (n=5 each): three experimental and one control group. Mice of the experimental groups were given a 5-μm polystyrene particle suspension in distilled water at a concentration of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/l for 4 weeks. The daily consumption doses averaged 0.023, 0.23, and 2.3 mg of microparticles per kg of animal body weight, respectively. The control group received distilled water throughout the experiment. We conducted a morphological examination of the colon, spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes, brain, heart, testicles, and thigh muscles. In the colon, morphometric methods were used to evaluate inflammatory infiltration, the number of endocrine and goblet cells, and the content of neutral and highly sulfated mucins in the latter. Results. On morphological examination under the influence of 5-μm polystyrene particle consumption in different doses, we revealed pathological changes only in the spleen and colon. However, a decrease in the goblet cell volume fraction in the colon mucosa was found in the group with low dose of microplastics (0.023 mg/kg/day). The group that consumed 2.3 mg/kg/day of microplastics showed the activation of both spleen compartments, an increased endocrine cells count, and a decreased proportion of highly sulfated mucins in goblet cells. Conclusion. Polystyrene microparticles with a 5-μm diameter consumed for 4 weeks at doses of 0.023–2.3 mg/kg/day cause adaptive morphological and functional changes in the colon and spleen. Keywords: microplastics, polystyrene, spleen, colon, internal organs</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>микропластик</kwd>
        <kwd>полистирол</kwd>
        <kwd>селезенка</kwd>
        <kwd>ободочная кишка</kwd>
        <kwd>внутренние органы</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>microplastics</kwd>
        <kwd>polystyrene</kwd>
        <kwd>spleen</kwd>
        <kwd>colon</kwd>
        <kwd>internal organs</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ № 22-24-00232.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 22-24-00232.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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