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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2226-5988</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2686-6749</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and Experimental Morphology</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ООО "Группа МДВ"</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31088/CEM2023.12.4.53-61</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Экспрессия ренина и ангиотензинпревращающего фермента 2 в матке и плаценте при иммунозависимых и ассоциированных с преэклампсией спонтанных абортах у мышей</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in the uterus and placenta in immune-dependent and preeclampsia-associated spontaneous abortions in mice</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Артемьева</surname>
            <given-names>Ксения Александровна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Артемьева</surname>
              <given-names>Ксения Александровна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Artemyeva</surname>
              <given-names>Ksenia A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>artemjeva_ksenia@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1014-752X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Степанова</surname>
            <given-names>Ирина Ильдаровна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Степанова</surname>
              <given-names>Ирина Ильдаровна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Stepanova</surname>
              <given-names>Irina I.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5513-217X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Низяева</surname>
            <given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Низяева</surname>
              <given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nizyaeva</surname>
              <given-names>Natalya V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5592-5690</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Болтовская</surname>
            <given-names>Марина Николаевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Болтовская</surname>
              <given-names>Марина Николаевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Boltovskaya</surname>
              <given-names>Marina N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9751-2066</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Богданова</surname>
            <given-names>Ирина Марковна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Богданова</surname>
              <given-names>Ирина Марковна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Bogdanova</surname>
              <given-names>Irina M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6529-8149</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Степанов</surname>
            <given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Степанов</surname>
              <given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Stepanov</surname>
              <given-names>Alexander A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5036-1387</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Кондашевская</surname>
            <given-names>Марина Владиславовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кондашевская</surname>
              <given-names>Марина Владиславовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kondashevskay</surname>
              <given-names>Marina V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8096-5974</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Пономаренко</surname>
            <given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Пономаренко</surname>
              <given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ponomarenko</surname>
              <given-names>Elena A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9672-7145</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского» (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery” (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-12-25">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>12</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>53</fpage>
      <lpage>61</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-15">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-10">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2022-12-05">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Введение. Самопроизвольный аборт и преэклампсия (ПЭ) являются наиболее частыми акушерскими патологиями. Ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновая система (РААС) и система иммунитета одними из первых распознают беременность и играют ключевую роль в ее поддержании. Дисфункция РААС является одной из причин недостаточной инвазии трофобласта и нарушения ремоделирования спиральных артерий, приводящих к развитию ПЭ. Помимо циркулирующих компонентов РААС существуют локальные РААС, в том числе маточно-плацентарная. Цель исследования – анализ экспрессии ренина и ангиотензинпревращающего фермента 2 в плаценте и матке при ассоциированных с ПЭ спонтанных и иммунозависимых абортах у мышей. &#13;
Материалы и методы. Физиологическую аллогенную беременность моделировали спариванием ♀CBA × ♂Balb/c, спонтанные аборты, ассоциированные с ПЭ, – ♀CBA × ♂DBA/2, индуцированные аборты – внутрибрюшинным введением β-гептилгликозида мурамилдипептида самкам CBA, оплодотворенным самцами Balb/c, на 5-й и 7-й дни гестации (ДГ). На 14-й ДГ по завершении формирования плаценты мышей выводили из эксперимента. Проводили иммуногистохимическое (ИГХ) исследование матки и плаценты с использованием кроличьих моноклональных антител к ренину и ангиотензин-превращающему ферменту 2 (АПФ2). Оценивали характер распределения ренин- и АПФ2+ клеток и интенсивность ИГХ реакции. &#13;
Результаты. Группа спонтанных абортов/ПЭ характеризовалась сниженной экспрессией ренина в гигантских клетках трофобласта (ГКТ) и отсутствием ее в эндотелии сосудов плаценты в сравнении с группами физиологической беременности и иммунозависимых абортов. В миометрии и эндотелии его сосудов отмечали повышенную экспрессию ренина в группах спонтанных абортов/ПЭ и имму-нозависимых абортов. Экспрессия АПФ2 в ГКТ и гликогеновых клетках, а также эндотелии сосудов плаценты при спонтанных абортах/ПЭ и иммунозависимых абортах была ниже, чем в группе физио-логической беременности. Напротив, в миометрии и эндотелии его сосудов наблюдали более высокую экспрессию АПФ2 в группах абортов в сравнении с контролем.&#13;
Заключение. Сниженная экспрессия ренина в ГКТ и ее отсутствие в эндотелии сосудов плаценты группы спонтанных абортов/ПЭ отражает нарушение инвазии трофобласта, характерное для ПЭ. Выявленные изменения экспрессии АПФ2 в миометрии при невынашивании беременности и ПЭ, очевидно, носят системный компенсаторный характер, не отменяющий, однако, негативные эффекты ренина.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Intoduction. Spontaneous abortion and preeclampsia (PE) are the most common pregnancy abnormalities in humans. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the immune system are among the first to recognize pregnancy and play key roles in its maintenance. RAAS dysfunction is one of the causes of insucient trophoblast invasion and defect in spiral artery remodeling, which both cause PE. Apart from circulating RAAS components, there are local ones, including uteroplacental ones. The study aimed to analyze the renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in the placenta and uterus in PE-associated spontaneous and immune-dependent abortions in mice. &#13;
Materials and methods. We reached the physiological pregnancy model by ♀CBA × ♂Balb/c mating (control group); spontaneous PE-associated abortions were ♀CBA × ♂DBA/2. Induced abortions were caused by intraperitoneal β-heptylglycoside muramyldipeptide administration to CBA females fertilized by Balb/c males on gestation days (GDs) 5 and 7. Mice were removed from the experiment on GD 14 after the placenta has completely formed. We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the uterus and placenta using rabbit monoclonal antibodies to renin and ACE2 and evaluated the distribution of the renin- and ACE2-positive cells and the intensity of IHC reaction.&#13;
Results. Compared to the physiological pregnancy model and immune abortion groups, the spontaneous abortion/PE group was characterized by reduced renin expression in trophoblast giant cells (TGC) and its absence in placental vascular endothelium. We noted increased renin expression in the myometrium and its vascular endothelium in the spontaneous abortion/PE and immune-dependent abortion groups. ACE2 expression in TGC and glycogen cells and placental vascular endothelium was lower in spontaneous/PE and immune-dependent abortions than in the physiological pregnancy group. In contrast, higher ACE2 expression was observed in the myometrium and its vascular endothelium in the abortion groups compared to the controls. &#13;
Conclusion. Reduced renin expression in TGC and its absence in the placental vascular endothelium of spontaneous abortions/PE group reflects trophoblast invasion disorder characteristic of PE. The detected changes in ACE2 expression in the myometrium in pregnancy failure and PE may represent a systemic compensatory mechanism, which does not exclude the negative effects of renin.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>преэклампсия</kwd>
        <kwd>невынашивание беременности</kwd>
        <kwd>матка</kwd>
        <kwd>плацента</kwd>
        <kwd>ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновая система</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>preeclampsia</kwd>
        <kwd>pregnancy failure</kwd>
        <kwd>uterus</kwd>
        <kwd>placenta</kwd>
        <kwd>renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания НИИ морфологии человека  им. акад. А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского» № 122030200534-4.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of State Assignment to Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery” No. 122030200534-4.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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