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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2226-5988</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2686-6749</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and Experimental Morphology</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ООО "Группа МДВ"</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31088/cem2026.15.2.33-41</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Нозологическая панорама заболеваний пищевода в условиях многопрофильного стационара</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Nosological spectrum of esophageal diseases in a multidisciplinary hospital</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Масленкина</surname>
            <given-names>Ксения Сергеевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Масленкина</surname>
              <given-names>Ксения Сергеевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Maslenkina</surname>
              <given-names>K.S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>ksusha-voi@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8083-9428</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Михалева</surname>
            <given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Михалева</surname>
              <given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Mikhaleva</surname>
              <given-names>L.M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2052-914X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Науменко</surname>
            <given-names>Максим Сергеевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Науменко</surname>
              <given-names>Максим Сергеевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Naumenko</surname>
              <given-names>M.S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-9071-1613</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Мотылев</surname>
            <given-names>Евгений Николаевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Мотылев</surname>
              <given-names>Евгений Николаевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Motylev</surname>
              <given-names>E.N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9453-3515</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Бирюков</surname>
            <given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Бирюков</surname>
              <given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Birukov</surname>
              <given-names>A.E.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9700-3352</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Печникова</surname>
            <given-names>Валентина Викторовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Печникова</surname>
              <given-names>Валентина Викторовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Pechnikova</surname>
              <given-names>V.V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5896-4556</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Конюкова</surname>
            <given-names>Александра Константиновна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Конюкова</surname>
              <given-names>Александра Константиновна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Konyukova</surname>
              <given-names>A.K.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5925-5196</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Михалев</surname>
            <given-names>Александр Иванович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Михалев</surname>
              <given-names>Александр Иванович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Mikhalev</surname>
              <given-names>A.I.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9463-8229</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Гущин</surname>
            <given-names>Михаил Юрьевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Гущин</surname>
              <given-names>Михаил Юрьевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Gushchin</surname>
              <given-names>M.Yu.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1041-8561</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского»; ГБУЗ Городская клиническая больница № 31 имени академика Г.М. Савельевой Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia; Savelyeva City Clinical Hospital No. 31, Moscow, Russia (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского» (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ Городская клиническая больница № 31 имени академика Г.М. Савельевой Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; ФГАОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Savelyeva City Clinical Hospital No. 31, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-29">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>15</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>33</fpage>
      <lpage>41</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-13">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-16">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-01-23">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Введение. В настоящее время продолжается рост показателей заболеваемости гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью, пищеводом Барретта и аденокарциномой пищевода. Второе место по встречаемости среди неопухолевых патологий пищевода занимает эозинофильный эзофагит. Целью нашего исследования стала оценка нозологической структуры патологии пищевода в условиях многопрофильного стационара в практике патологоанатомического отделения на материале эзофагобиоптатов. Материалы и методы. В эксперимент вошли 622 пациента, которым выполнена эзофагогастродуоденоскопия со взятием биопсии. Биоптаты фиксировали в 10% нейтральном забуференном формалине, изготовление гистологических препаратов осуществляли в рутинном режиме с окрашиванием срезов гематоксилином и эозином, а также реактивом Шиффа в сочетании с альциановым синим и по Маллори. При эозинофильном эзофагите патоморфологическую оценку биоптатов проводили с использованием шкалы патоморфологической оценки эозинофильного эзофагита. Результаты. Неопухолевые заболевания пищевода выявлены у 325 пациентов (52,25%), предраковые заболевания – у 118 пациентов (18,97%), доброкачественные новообразования – у 120 пациентов (19,29%), злокачественные опухоли – у 59 пациентов (9,49%). Хронический неспецифический и рефлюкс-эзофагит диагностированы у 65,93%, а эозинофильный эзофагит – у 28,57% пациентов с эзофагитом. Осложнения гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни были распределены следующим образом: пищевод Барретта выявлен у 50,22% пациентов, цилиндроклеточная метаплазия дистального отдела пищевода – у 39,21%, язва пищевода – у 9,25% и стриктура пищевода – у 1,32% пациентов. Частота дисплазии при пищеводе Барретта составила 21,93%, а при цилиндроклеточной метаплазии – 4,49% (p&lt;0,05). Дисплазия при пищеводе Барретта диагностирована в 4,88 раза чаще, чем при цилиндроклеточной метаплазии пищевода. Злокачественные новообразования обнаружены у 59 пациентов (32,96% от всех опухолей пищевода). Заключение. Частота эозинофильного эзофагита среди неопухолевых заболеваний пищевода составила 11,74%. В структуре неопухолевых заболеваний пищевода преобладали осложнения гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни (51,24% пациентов). При гистологическом исследовании прицельное внимание в этой группе пациентов необходимо обращать на наличие диспластических изменений.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Introduction. The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma is rising. Eosinophilic esophagitis is the second most common non-neoplastic esophageal disease. The study aimed to evaluate the nosological spectrum of esophageal pathology in a multidisciplinary hospital based on esophageal biopsy specimens in the pathology department. &#13;
Materials and methods. The study included 622 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy. Biopsy specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and routinely stained with haematoxylin and eosin, combined PAS/Alcian blue, and Mallory stain. Histopathological assessment of biopsies in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis was performed using the EoEHSS. &#13;
Results. Non-neoplastic esophageal diseases were detected in 325 patients (52.25%), precancerous diseases, in 118 patients (18.97%); benign neoplasms, in 120 patients (19.29%); and malignant tumors, in 59 patients (9.49%). Among patients with esophagitis, chronic nonspecific and reflux esophagitis accounted for 65.93% of cases, while eosinophilic esophagitis was diagnosed in 28.57%. Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease were distributed as follows: Barrett’s esophagus was observed in 50.22% of patients; columnar-lined esophagus with gastric-type metaplasia, in 39.21%; esophageal ulcer, in 9.25%; and esophageal stricture, in 1.32%. The rate of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus was 21.93%, whereas in gastric type metaplasia of distal esophagus, 4.49% (p&amp;lt;0.05). Thus, dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus was diagnosed 4.88 times more often than in gastric-type metaplasia of the distal esophagus. Malignant neoplasms were detected in 59 patients (32.96% of all esophageal tumors).&#13;
Conclusion. Among non-neoplastic esophageal diseases, eosinophilic esophagitis was in 11.74% of cases. Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease predominated among non-neoplastic esophageal diseases (51.24%). During histological examination, particular attention should be paid to the presence of dysplastic changes.&#13;
Keywords: esophageal diseases, eosinophilic esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cance</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>заболевания пищевода</kwd>
        <kwd>эозинофильный эзофагит</kwd>
        <kwd>гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь</kwd>
        <kwd>пищевод Барретта</kwd>
        <kwd>рак пищевода</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>esophageal diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>eosinophilic esophagitis</kwd>
        <kwd>gastroesophageal reflux disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Barrett’s esophagus</kwd>
        <kwd>esophageal cancer</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного бюджетного финансирования.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of state budget funding.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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