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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2226-5988</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2686-6749</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and Experimental Morphology</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ООО "Группа МДВ"</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31088/cem2026.15.2.79-88</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">OSINT-анализ расхождений клинического и патологоанатомического диагноза</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>OSINT-analysis of discrepancies between clinical and pathological diagnoses</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Рагозин</surname>
            <given-names>Андрей Васильевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Рагозин</surname>
              <given-names>Андрей Васильевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ragozin</surname>
              <given-names>A.V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>avragozin@fa.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4645-8765</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-29">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>15</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>79</fpage>
      <lpage>88</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-16">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-01-26">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Охват аутопсией в странах ОЭСР и в мире неуклонно снижается. Исключение – Российская Федерация и другие страны постсоветского пространства, где он сохраняется на беспрецедентно высоком для остального мира уровне. Это обусловлено разными подходами к использованию аутопсии в управлении качеством медицинской помощи. Страны ОЭСР применяют ограниченный охват клинической аутопсией, используя этот метод преимущественно в сложных случаях, а также для обучения врачей и научных целей. Российская Федерация и другие страны постсоветского пространства во многом сохранили разработанный в СССР инновационный подход, который предусматривает обязательность аутопсии в случае смерти пациента в стационаре с анализом причин расхождения клинического и патологоанатомического диагноза и принятием решений, направленных на улучшение организации медицинской помощи, ее ресурсного обеспечения и подготовки врачей. Тем не менее начиная с 2010 года в системе обязательного медицинского страхования Российской Федерации появилась норма, признающая расхождение клинического и патологоанатомического диагноза дефектом медицинской помощи, который влечет наказание медицинской организации штрафом. Тем самым, расходуя значительные ресурсы на аутопсию и добросовестно расследуя причины госпитальной смертности, медицинская организация наказывает сама себя, теряя стимулы для повышения качества медицинской помощи и программируя рост дефектов в будущем. В рамках исследования проведен OSINT-анализ (Open Source Intelligence, разведка по открытым источникам) использования штрафов и других видов экономических наказаний в странах ОЭСР, БРИКС и СНГ, позволяющий предположить, что Российская Федерация, вероятно, единственная страна в мире, которая превратила расхождение клинического и патологоанатомического диагноза из важного индикатора проблем с организацией, ресурсным и кадровым обеспечением медицинской помощи в стимул для сокрытия этих проблем. Автор предлагает отменить норму о штрафах за расхождение клинического и патологоанатомического диагноза.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Autopsy coverage in OECD countries and globally is steadily declining, with Russia and post-Soviet countries having high autopsy coverage. This is due to different approaches to using autopsy in quality management of medical care. OECD countries perform clinical autopsy mainly in complex cases and for medical education and research. Russia and post-Soviet countries have largely retained the approach developed in the USSR, which implies mandatory autopsy following a patient’s death in a hospital. This includes analysis of the causes of discrepancies between clinical and pathological diagnoses and the development of measures to improve the organization of medical care, resource allocation, and physician training. However, since 2010, the compulsory medical insurance system of Russia has treated discrepancies between clinical and pathologic diagnoses as a medical error, subject to significant fines for healthcare organizations. Thus, by investing resources in autopsies and investigating hospital deaths, organizations penalize themselves, discouraging improvements in care and fostering future errors. The study conducted an OSINT analysis of fines and other economic penalties in OECD, BRICS, and CIS countries. The findings suggest that Russia may be the only country that has transformed discrepancies between clinical and pathological diagnoses from an important quality indicator into an incentive to conceal organizational, resource, and staffing problems.&#13;
Keywords: autopsy, quality control, discrepancy between clinical and pathological diagnoses, fines</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>аутопсия</kwd>
        <kwd>контроль качества</kwd>
        <kwd>расхождение клинического и патологоанатомического диагноза</kwd>
        <kwd>штрафы</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>autopsy</kwd>
        <kwd>quality control</kwd>
        <kwd>discrepancy between clinical and pathological diagnoses</kwd>
        <kwd>fines</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финансового университета при Правительстве Российской Федерации.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article is based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budgetary funds under the State Assignment of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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