2226-5988 2686-6749 Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология Clinical and Experimental Morphology ООО "Группа МДВ" 10.31088/cem2026.15.3.5-14 Опухоль-ассоциированные макрофаги и их особенности как компонентов опухолевой стромы рака мочевого пузыря Characteristics of tumor-associated macrophages in the bladder cancer tumor stroma Сычева Ирина Николаевна Сычева Ирина Николаевна Sycheva I.N. athene.ari@gmail.com 0009-0004-3905-8709 Олейникова Нина Александровна Олейникова Нина Александровна Oleynikova N.A. 0000-0001-8564-8874 Данилова Наталья Владимировна Данилова Наталья Владимировна Danilova N.V. 0000-0001-7848-6707 ФГБОУ ВО Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, Медицинский научно-образовательный институт (Москва, Россия) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Medical Research and Educational Institute, Moscow, Russia (Moscow, Russia) 30 06 2026 2026 15 3 5 14 17 11 2025 16 02 2026 08 12 2025 2026 Коллектив авторов CC BY-NC 4.0

Опухоль-ассоциированные макрофаги – гетерогенная группа клеток иммунного микроокружения в строме опухолей, играющая исключительную роль в развитии новообразования и прогрессии заболевания, а также напрямую связанная с лечебными тактиками. В последние годы исследования уротелиального рака мочевого пузыря отмечается перспективность изучения этих групп клеток и их маркеров-мишеней. Особенно важно понимать значимость их биологической роли у пациентов с бациллотерапией Кальметта–Герена (БЦЖ-терапия): самого доступного метода малоивазивного лечения в России. В ходе анализа данных литературы об опухоль-ассоциированных макрофагах были описаны наиболее перспективные маркеры-мишени, их связь с клинико-прогностическими критериями. Представленные в работе маркеры могут быть использованы для улучшения диагностических панелей уротелиальных карцином и усовершенствования критериев отбора групп пациентов для применения различных лечебных стратегий, включающих малоинвазивные методы. Цели настоящего обзора – обозначение актуальности исследования мезенхимного микроокружения рака мочевого пузыря и его компонентов, выявление прогностически значимых маркеров опухоль-ассоциированных макрофагов на основании данных современной литературы.

Tumor-associated macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells within tumor stroma that play a critical role in tumor development, disease progression, and treatment response. Recent studies of urothelial bladder cancer have highlighted the potential value for investigating these cell populations and their associated target markers. Understanding their biological role is particularly important in patients undergoing bacillary Calmette–Guérin therapy, the most accessible minimally invasive treatment option in Russia. An analysis of international literature on tumor-associated macrophages has identified the most promising target markers and their associations with clinical and prognostic criteria. The markers discussed in this review may contribute to improvement of diagnostic panels for urothelial carcinoma and refine patient selection criteria for various treatment strategies, including minimally invasive methods. This review aimed to highlight the importance of studying the mesenchymal microenvironment of bladder cancer and its components and to identify prognostically significant markers of tumor-associated macrophages based on current literature. Keywords: bladder cancer, urothelial carcinoma, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, immunohistochemistry, tumor microenvironment, tumor stroma

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